An update on present and future considerations of aligners

Mohamed Fallah Search articles by 'Mohamed Fallah'. Fallah M ,. Vicki Vlaskalic Search articles by 'Vicki Vlaskalic'. Vlaskalic V. Affiliations All authors 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. Abstract This report reviews the orthodontic treatment of six different patients who received removable aligners.

These cases include correction of deep overbite, open bite, mild-to-moderate crowding, large overjet, cases requiring premolar extractions, the presence of multiple restorations, and cases requiring periodontal-restorative treatments, the improved periodontal status with aligners compared to fixed appliances and the use in teenagers.

This report demonstrates that a wide range of cases can be effectively treated, provided the cases are thoroughly reviewed at an early stage process using Invisalgn's ClinCheck software, which will show the specific details of all consecutive appliances prior to any treatment being started so as to determine the biologic and biochemical feasibility of treatment.

Evaluation of Invisalign treatment effectiveness and efficiency compared with conventional fixed appliances using the Peer Assessment Rating index. Treatment management between orthodontists and general practitioners performing clear aligner therapy. A comparative study of two different clear aligner systems. Invisalign treatment in periodondal patient: case report. Similar Articles To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation.

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Indications for the use of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances. Joining Europe PMC. Tools Tools overview. Finally as it was previously observed the presence of saliva increases displacement recovery, expressing a stress relaxation effect Figures 8A,B which is not reduced during the test. Figure 8. It was observed for the first day of testing of the aligners in the four different configurations that stiffening effects occur while cyclic loading progresses.

It was also observed that stiffening decreases during the non-loading time between two successive sessions of test while stiffening effects are observed again when a new set of cycles is applied to the aligners. Moreover, a work dissipative effect is also observed during cycling loading, this is more pronounced at the beginning of the test while it tends to reduce and stabilize while the test progresses.

Also in this case, the time elapsed during two subsequent sessions is observed to contribute to increase again the work dissipative effect in the first cycles of the new session of loadings.

With reference to the comparison between the test performed at atmospheric environment and those performed in presence of saliva, it was observed that, in this last case, an higher stress recovery is observed between two subsequent loading sessions; moreover, the hygrothermal environment showed a contribution to reduce the stress accumulation effect during the test. In addition, with reference to the comparison between the two thicknesses, it was observed a reduction in the capability to recover accumulated stresses with the increasing of the total number of applied cycles for the case of 0.

This effect was not observed for the thicker aligner 0. Tests have shown that aligners with 0. This result is important from a clinical point of view by taking into account that, in the management of orthodontic treatment, the replacement of the aligner occurs every 15 days.

This research suggests that the 0. The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author. Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. CCi contributed to design the experiment, to perform the mechanical tests, to elaborate and analyze data, to prepare and review the manuscript, and to elaborate state of the art. GP and GR contributed to elaborate and analyze the data, to prepare and review the manuscript, and to elaborate state of the art.

CCa contributed to design the experiment. ML and GB specialized medical doctor and contributed to the experimental campaign. CP and DC contributed to ideate the research, to design the experiment, and to analyze the data. The specimens were designed and manufactured in the laboratory of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia.

The tests were done in the laboratory of Experimental Mechanics of the Dept. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors acknowledge Fabio Salcuni for his contribution to the manufacturing of casts and aligners used in this work. Ariyama, T. Stress relaxation behavior after cyclic preloading in polypropylene.

Viscoelastic-plastic behaviour with mean strain changes in polypropylene. Boyd, R. An update on present and future considerations of aligners. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Dupaixa, R. Polymer 46, — Eliades, T. Intraoral aging of orthodontic materials: the picture we miss and its clinical relevance. Elkholy, F. Mechanical characterization of thermoplastic aligner materials: recommendations for test parameter standardization.

Fang, D. Dynamic stress relaxation of orthodontic thermoplastic materials in a simulated oral environment. Jeremiah, H. Social perceptions of adults wearing orthodontic appliances: a cross-sectional study. Kesling, H. The philosophy of the tooth positioning appliance. Oral Surg. Kim, D. Surface damage behavior of polyurethane O-rings in automated material handling system for glass panels. Kizypow, D.

Cyclic steady state stress-strain behavior of UHMW polyethylene. Biomaterials 21, — Kwon, J. Force delivery properties of thermoplastic orthodontic materials. Landel, R. Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites. Google Scholar. Lindauer, S. Comparison of Essix and Hawley retainers. Lloyd, T. The use of vacuum formed splints for temporary intermaxillary fixation in the management of unilateral condylar fractures. Oral Maxillofac. Lombardo, L. Stress relaxation properties of four orthodontic aligner materials: a hour in vitro study.

Angle Orthodontist. Ma, Y. Chinese J. McNamara, J. Invisible retainers. Nahoum, H. The vacuum formed dental contour appliance. NY State Dent. Oh, W. Use of thermoplastic vacuum-formed matrix for emergency management of crown-root fracture. Pascual, A. The essential work of fracture of thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials. Pohl, M. Der Osamu-Retainer und sein Indikationsbereich.

Kieferorthop, Prakt. Kieferothop Ponitz, R. Rajeesh, K. Effect of humidity on the indentation hardness and flexural fatigue behavior of polyamide 6 nanocomposite. A , — Ryokawa, H. The mechanical properties of dental thermoplastic materials in a simulated intraoral environment. Twenty patients responding to the inclusion criteria were selected. The sample was composed of 12 females and 8 males, ranging in age from 16 to 45 years mean For both systems, the number of aligners utilized ranged from 8 to 14 mean number The front, right side, left side, upper, and lower occlusal patient's photos.

Front, right side, left side, upper and lower occlusal patient's photos. Patients were asked to wear the appliances for a different time according to the used aligner system: 14 h per day for group A and 22 h per day for group B. One of the male patients assigned to group B was excluded from the study due to poor compliance.

Patients from both groups referred a high level of satisfaction at the end of treatment. At the beginning of treatment, the average index value was 5. Following alignment, both systems have shown a reduction of the average index value of 0. Group B did not show this kind of impairment. All patients selected showed good compliance.

Patients of group A expressed appreciation for the reduced wear time and the possibility to choose when to wear the aligners. The two systems use aligners made of different polymers [ 12 - 14 ]. This characteristic allows reducing the optimal wear time to 14 h per day: the deformations subdued by the aligner when worn generate a force that is transferred to the teeth. The thickness of the PVC aligners varies with the desired type of tooth movement but never exceeds 1 mm.

It is resistant to time and wear, and its elasticity allows for a gradual tooth movement. PETG aligners have a thickness that changes throughout the different treatment phases: 0. This system requires an optimal wear time of 22 h. Both systems can take advantage of auxiliaries to facilitate dental movement, such as composite attachments [ 15 ] bonded to the buccal or lingual tooth surfaces.

Attachments can have different shapes and sizes, depending of the kind of tooth movement required. It is possible to use an etching jig, with holes corresponding to the desired position of the attachments, in order to avoid undesired demineralization of an excessive portion of tooth enamel.

Laser scanners structured light scanners are used by both systems to acquire images of the plaster casts. This conversion is necessary to rapid prototyping [ 16 ], which is an additional technique where a resinous material is apposed layer by layer. For each phase, a model of the virtual set-up is printed through rapid prototyping. These models are used to create a series of dental aligners, thanks to a thermoforming process.

Although all clear aligner systems have shown to have evident biomechanical limits [ 17 , 18 ], barely producing bodily movement and expressing torque, both clear aligner systems in this study showed good treatment efficiency. To obtain a good dental alignment and arch coordination, it is mandatory to make a correct diagnosis and to choose treatment objective achievable with the limited biomechanics offered by clear aligners.

All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.